NF-κB & NFAT Activators

NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) are families of transcription factors that are important in immune response. Known activators of  NF-κB include cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and phorbol esters. NFAT is activated by T-cell activators.