Recombinant human GM-CSF (E. coli) protein - Bioactive cytokine

Recombinant cytokine, source: E. coli

ABOUT

Human GM-CSF protein - E. coli-expressed, tag-free, carrier-free

Recombinant human GM-CSF is a high-quality and biologically active cytokine, validated using proprietary GM-CSF reporter cells. This common β chain family member is produced in E. coli and thoroughly purified to remove endotoxins.

Recombinant human GM-CSF can be used together with HEK-Blue™ GM-CSF cells for the screening of inhibitory molecules, such as Mavrilimumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting the α subunit of the GM-CSF receptor (GM-CSFR) (see figures).

 

Key features

  • Each lot is validated using HEK-Blue™ GM-CSF cells
  • Endotoxin < 0.01 EU/µg
  • 0.2 µm sterile-filtered

Applications

  • Standard for GM-CSF detection and quantification assays
  • Screening and release assays for antibodies blocking GM-CSF signaling
  • Screening and release assays for engineered GM-CSF

 

GM-CSF, also known as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), belongs to the β-common chain cytokine family. Although originally identified as a hematopoietic growth factor, this cytokine is now regarded as a pleiotropic regulator of inflammation in response to pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.

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All products are for internal research use only, and not for human or veterinary use.

GM-CSF signaling and biological functions
GM-CSF signaling and biological functions

SPECIFICATIONS

Specifications

Source
E. coli
Species
Human
Synonyms
Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2)
Molgramostin
Sargramostim
Accession sequence

P04141

Molecular weight
~ 15 kDa (SDS-PAGE)
Carrier
Carrier-free
Tag
Tag-free
Purity
≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
Solubility

100 μg/ml in water

Formulation buffer

Phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4)

Appearance (form)
Lyophilized
Reconstitution buffer
Endotoxin-free water (provided)
Endotoxin

The absence of bacterial contamination (e.g. lipoproteins and endotoxins) has been confirmed using HEK-Blue™ TLR2 and HEK‑Blue™ TLR4 cells.

Tested applications

Cellular assays

Quality control

Each lot is functionally tested and validated.

CONTENTS

Contents

  • Product: 
    Recombinant human GM-CSF (E. coli)
  • Cat code: 
    rcyec-hgmcsf
  • Quantity: 
    20 µg
Includes:

1.5 ml endotoxin-free water

Shipping & Storage

  • Shipping method:  Room temperature

    • Storage:

    • -20°C

    Caution:

    • Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles

Details

GM-CSF background

The granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), belongs to the β-common chain cytokine family [1]. It promotes the differentiation, activation, and survival of cells from the myeloid compartment, notably macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils [2, 3]. Although originally identified as a hematopoietic growth factor, this cytokine is now regarded as a pleiotropic regulator of inflammation in response to pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and cancer [2,4].

GM-CSF signalization requires a multimeric structure comprising four α chains (GMRα, aka CD116), four β chains (GMRβ, CD131), and four cytokines. This 12-protein complex allows the juxtaposition of the intracellular Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) [1]. Other signaling pathways include ERK, NF-κB, and AKT pathways [1, 5]. The understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby GM-CSF exerts its varied functions is key for the development of therapeutic strategies (e.g. cancer vaccines, blocking antibodies) [1].

Mavrilimumab is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets the alpha subunit of the granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSFR), effectively blocking GM-CSF signaling [2]. As of June 2025,  Mavrilimumab (CAM-3001) is not yet FDA-approved. It is still under clinical investigation for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) [3, 6].

 

References:

1. Dougan M. et al., 2019. GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 family of cytokines: regulators of inflammation. Immunity. 50(4):796-811.
2. Burmester GR, et al., 2011. Mavrilimumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting GM-CSF receptor-α, in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I, first-in-human study. Ann Rheum Dis. ;70(9):1542-9.
3. Burmester GR, et al. 2017. A randomised phase IIb study of mavrilimumab, a novel GM-CSF receptor alpha monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 76(6):1020-1030.
4. Zhan Y. et al., 2019. The Pleiotropic Effects of the GM-CSF Rheostat on Myeloid Cell Differentiation and Function: More Than a Numbers Game. Front Immunol. 102679.
5. Hamilton J.A., 2020. GM-CSF in inflammation. J. Exp . Med. 217(1):e20190945.
6. Cid MC, et al., 2022. Efficacy and safety of mavrilimumab in giant cell arteritis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 May;81(5):653-661.

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