c-di-AMP

STING agonist

Bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a bacterial second messenger implicated in the control of cell wall metabolism, osmotic stress responses and sporulation.

Detection of c-di-AMP by the host cytoplasmic surveillance pathway (CSP) is known to elicit type I IFN responses through a signaling axis that involves STING, TBK1 and IRF3 [1, 2].

Involvement of the helicase DDX41 in the recognition of c-di-AMP has been suggested [3].

Recent studies have also demonstrated that c-di-AMP exerts strong adjuvant activities when delivered by the mucosal route [4, 5].

References:

1. Jin L. et al., 2011. MPYS is required for IFN response factor 3 activation and type I IFN production in the response of cultured phagocytes to bacterial second messengers cyclic-di-AMP and cyclic-di-GMP. J Immunol. 187(5):2595-601.
2. Burdette DL. et al., 2011. STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP. Nature. 478(7370):515-8.
3. Parvatiyar K. et al., 2012 The helicase DDX41 recognizes the bacterial secondary messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP to activate a type I IFN immune response. Nat. Immunol. 13(12): 1155-61.
4. Ebensen T. et al., 2011. Bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate: strong Th1/Th2/Th17 promoting mucosal adjuvant.Vaccine. 29(32):5210-20.
5. Škrnjug I. et al., 2014. The mucosal adjuvant cyclic di-AMP exerts immune stimulatory effects on dendritic cells and macrophages. PLoS One. 9(4):e95728.

Figures

THP1-Dual™ cells were stimulated for 24 hours with the STING ligands as shown (all at 10 μg/ml). The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) response was assessed by measuring the activity of Lucia luciferase in the supernatant using QUANTI-Luc™ 4 Lucia/Gaussia. Data are shown in fold response over non-induced cells (mean ± SEM).

THP1-Dual™ cells were stimulated for 24 hours with the STING ligands as shown (all at 10 μg/ml). The NF-κB-induced SEAP activity was assessed using QUANTI‑Blue™ Solution, a SEAP detection reagent. Data are shown as optical density (OD) at 630 nm (mean ± SEM). Non‑induced cells (NI) have been included as a negative control.

Specifications

Description: STING agonist

Synonym: Cyclic di-adenylate monophosphate, c-di-AMP sodium salt

CAS number: 2734909-87-4 / 54447-84-6 (free acic)

Formula: C₂₀H₂₂N₁₀O₁₂P₂ .2Na

Molecular weight: 702.38

Purity: ≥ 95% by LC/MS

Solubility: 50 mg/ml in water

Quality control:

• The biological activity has been confirmed by measuring the induction of the IFN pathway using cellular assays.
• The absence of endotoxins and other bacterial contaminants has been confirmed using HEK-Blue™ TLR4 and HEK-Blue™ TLR2 cells.

Contents

• 1 mg lyophilized c-di-AMP
• 1.5 ml endotoxin-free water

Product is shipped at room temperature and

Product should be stored at -20°C.

Product is sterile filtered prior to lyophilization.

Details

Structure of c-di-AMP