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ODN 2216 - TLR9 ligand

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ODN 2216

CpG ODN, Class A (human) - TLR9 agonist

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200 µg

1 mg

5 mg

Bulk

tlrl-2216
+-
$214

Class A CpG oligonucleotide - Human TLR9-preferred ligand

TLR9 activation with ODN 2216
TLR9 activation with ODN 2216

ODN 2216 is a Class A CpG oligonucleotide (ODN) with a preference for the human Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). CpG ODNs are short synthetic single-stranded DNA molecules containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG motifs). These unmethylated CpG motifs mimic microbial DNA and act as immunostimulants via TLR9. 

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Mode of action

Stimulatory CpG ODNs are internalized and activate the endosomal receptor TLR9. Activation of TLR9 triggers NF-κB- and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-mediated pro-inflammatory responses upon the recognition of unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanosine (CpG) forms of DNA [1-3]. Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are a hallmark of microbial (bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasite) DNA and mitochondrial self-DNA [3, 4].

CpG Class A ODNs, such as ODN 2216, are characterized by a phosphodiester (PO) central CpG-containing palindromic motif and a phosphorothioate (PS)-modified 3’ poly-G string.

In HEK-Blue™ hTLR9 reporter cells, ODN 2216 efficiently activates hTLR9 when compared to the control ODN 2216 (ODN 2243). Moreover, ODN 2216 is able to activate the hTLR9-mediated NF-κB and IRF pathways as assessed using InvivoGen's THP1-Dual™ hTLR9 reporter cell line expressing two reporter genes for the NF-κB-inducible SEAP and IRF-inducible Lucia luciferase (see figures).

 

Key features of ODN 2216

  • Potent activator of human TLR9
  • Synthetic ODN with unmethylated CpG motifs
  • Each lot is functionally tested

 

Get more information about CpG ODNs Classes.

 

Read our review Read our review on TLR9 agonists: double-edged sword for immune therapies.

 

 

References

1. Kumagai Y. et al., 2008. TLR9 as a key receptor of the recognition of DNA. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 60(7):795-804.
2. Heinz L.X. et al., 2021. TASL is the SLC15A4-associated adaptor for IRF5 activation by TLR7-9. Nature. 581(7808):316-322.
3. Kayraklioglu N. et al., 2021. CpG oligonucleotides as vaccine adjuvants. DNA Vaccines: Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 2197. p51-77.
4. Kumar V., 2021. The trinity of cGAS, TLR9, and ALRs: guardians of the cellular galaxy against host-derived self-DNA. Front. Immunol. 11:624597.
5. Krieg A.M. et al., 1995. CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. Nature. 374(6522):546-9.

Figures

Dose-dependent NF-κB response of ODN 2216 in HEK-Blue™ hTLR9 cells
Dose-dependent NF-κB response of ODN 2216 in HEK-Blue™ hTLR9 cells

Dose-dependent NF-κB response in HEK-Blue™ hTLR9 cells. HEK-Dual™ hTLR9 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of ODN 2216 or the control ODN 2216 (ODN 2243). After 24h, the hTLR9-induced NF‑κB response was assessed by measuring the SEAP activity using QUANTI-Blue™. Data are shown as optical density (OD) at 650 nm (mean + SEM).

Dose-dependent NF-κB and IRF responses in THP1-Dual™ hTLR9 cells
Dose-dependent NF-κB and IRF responses in THP1-Dual™ hTLR9 cells

Dose-dependent NF-κB and IRF responses in THP1-Dual™ hTLR9 cells. Cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of ODN 2216. After 24h, the hTLR9-induced (A) NF‑κB and (B) IRF responses were assessed by measuring SEAP and Lucia activity using QUANTI-Blue™ and QUANTI-Luc™, respectively. Data are shown as optical density (OD) at 650 nm or in fold increase over non-induced cells (mean + SEM).

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Specifications

Specificity: Human TLR9 agonist.

Working concentration: 1-5 µM.

Solubility:  5 mg/ml in water.

ODN 2216 sequence:
5’-ggGGGACGA:TCGTCgggggg-3’ (20 mer).
Note: Bases shown in capital letters are phosphodiester, and those in lower case are phosphorothioate (nuclease resistant). Palindrome is underlined.

Quality control:

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Contents

ODN 2216 is provided lyophilized and is available in three quantities.

tlrl-2216 (formerly tlrl-hodna):

  • 200 μg (31 nmol) lyophilized ODN 2216
  • 1.5 ml sterile endotoxin-free water

tlrl-2216-1 (formerly tlrl-hodna-1):

  • 1 mg (155 nmol) lyophilized ODN 2216
  • 1.5 ml sterile endotoxin-free water

tlrl-2216-5 (formerly tlrl-hodna-5):

  • 5 mg (777 nmol) lyophilized ODN 2216
  • 10 ml sterile endotoxin-free water

 

ODN 2216 is shipped at room temperature.

Upon receipt, store at -20 °C.

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Details

CpG ODNs

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODNs), such as ODN 1018, have been extensively studied as adjuvants [1]. These CpG motifs are present at a 20-fold greater frequency in bacterial DNA compared to mammalian DNA [2]. CpG ODNs are recognized by the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which is expressed on human B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), thereby inducing Th1-dominated immune responses [3]. Pre-clinical studies, conducted in rodents and non-human primates, as well as human clinical trials, have demonstrated that CpG ODNs can significantly improve vaccine-specific antibody responses [1]. Three types of stimulatory CpG ODNs have been identified, types A, B, and C, which differ in their immune-stimulatory activities [4-5]. 

 

Toll-like receptor 9

The Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) is an endosomal receptor that triggers NF-κB- and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-mediated pro-inflammatory responses upon the recognition of unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanosine (CpG) forms of DNA [6-8]. Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are a hallmark of microbial (bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasite) DNA, as well as mitochondrial self-DNA [8,9]. These TLR9 agonists can be mimicked by synthetic oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODNs), which have been extensively studied to improve adaptive immune responses in the context of vaccination [6,8].

TLR9 is mainly expressed in subsets of Dendritic Cells and B cells of all mammals. In rodents, but not in humans, TLR9 is also expressed in monocytes and macrophages [8]. The structure of the receptor varies by 24% between human TLR9 (hTLR9) and mouse TLR9 (mTLR9) [8]. They recognize different CpG motifs, the optimal sequences being GTCGTT and GACGTT for hTLR9 and mTLR9, respectively [10].
 

 

References:

1. Steinhagen F. et al., 2011. TLR-based immune adjuvants. Vaccine 29(17):3341-55.
2. Hemmi H. et al., 2000. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 408:740-5.
3. Coffman RL. et al., 2010. Vaccine adjuvants: Putting innate immunity to work. Immunity 33(4):492-503.
4. Krug A. et al., 2001. Identification of CpG oligonucleotide sequences with high induction of IFN-alpha/beta in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol, 31(7): 2154-63.
5. Marshall JD. et al., 2005. Superior activity of the type C class of ISS in vitro and in vivo across multiple species. DNA Cell Biol. 24(2):63-72.
6. Kumagai Y. et al., 2008. TLR9 as a key receptor of the recognition of DNA. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 60(7):795-804.
7. Heinz L.X. et al., 2021. TASL is the SLC15A4-associated adaptor for IRF5 activation by TLR7-9. Nature. 581(7808):316-322.
8. Kayraklioglu N. et al., 2021. CpG oligonucleotides as vaccine adjuvants. DNA Vaccines: Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 2197. p51-77.
9. Kumar V., 2021. The trinity of cGAS, TLR9, and ALRs: guardians of the cellular galaxy against host-derived self-DNA. Front. Immunol. 11:624597.
10. Bauer S. et al., 2001. Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 98(16):9237-42.

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