Human TLR2 Antibody

Toll-Like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in early innate immunity to invading pathogens by sensing microorganisms. These evolutionarily conserved receptors recognize highly conserved structural motifs only expressed by microbial pathogens, called pathogen-associated microbial patterns (PAMPs). Stimulation of TLRs by PAMPs initiates a signaling cascade leading to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines following NF-κB activation. To date ten human and twelve murine TLRs have been characterized, TLR1 to TLR10 in humans, and TLR1 to TLR9, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13 in mice, the homolog of TLR10 being a pseudogene.

TLR2 is involved in the recognition of a wide array of microbial molecules. TLR2 recognizes lipoteichoic acid and lipoprotein from Gram-positive bacteria, lipoarabinomannan from mycobacteria, and zymosan from yeast cell wall. Moreover, TLR2 participates in the recognition of some types of LPS. TLR2 is known to heterodimerize with other TLRs, a property believed to extend the range of microbial molecules that TLR2 can recognize. TLR2 cooperates with TLR6 in response to diacylated mycoplasmal lipopeptides [1], and associates with TLR1 to recognize triacylated lipopeptides [2]. Furthermore, pathogen recognition by TLR2 is strongly enhanced by CD14 [3].

1. Girard R et al., 2003. Lipopolysaccharides from Legionella and Rhizobium stimulate mouse bone marrow granulocytes via Toll-like receptor 2. J Cell Sci. 116(Pt 2):293-302.
2. Ozinsky A. et al., 2000. The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between toll-like receptors. PNAS. 97(25):13766-71.
3. Lotz S. et al., 2004. Highly purified lipoteichoic acid activates neutrophil granulocytes and delays their spontaneous apoptosis via CD14 and TLR2. J Leukoc Biol. 75(3):467-77.